Ingangsdatum: 05-10-2000
Appendix IGuidelines for the implementation of Annex V of MARPOL 73/78
Preface
The main objectives of these guidelines are to (1) assist governments in developing and
enacting domestic laws which give force to and implement Annex V, (2) assist vessel
operators in complying with requirements set forth in Annex V and domestic laws and,
(3) assist port and terminal operators in assessing the need, for and providing, adequate
reception facilities for garbage generated on different types of ships. Part IV (Garbage) of
the Organization's Guidelines on the Provision of Adequate Reception Facilities in Ports,
June 1978, has been modified and incorporated in this publication to consolidate all
Annex V related guidelines. In the interest of uniformity, governments are requested to
refer to these guidelines when preparing appropriate national regulation.
1 Introduction and definitions
1.1 These guidelines have been developed taking into account the regulations embodied in
Annex V, the articles and resolutions of the International Convention for the Prevention of
Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto
(MARPOL 73/78) (hereinafter referred to as the "Convention"). Their purpose is to
provide guidance to countries which have ratified Annex V and are in the process of
implementing the Annex. The guidelines are divided into seven categories that provide a
general framework upon which governments will be able to formulate programmes for
education and training of seafarers and others to comply with the regulations; methods of
reducing shipboard generation of garbage; shipboard garbage handing and storage
procedures; shipboard equipment for processing garbage; estimation of the amounts of
ship-generated garbage delivered to port; and actions to ensure compliance with the
regulations.
1.2 Recognizing that Annex V regulations promote waste management systems for ships,
and that ships vary tremendously in size, mission, complement and capability, these
guidelines include a range of waste management options that may be combined in many
ways to facilitate compliance with Annex V. Further, recognizing that waste management
technology for ships is in an early stage of development, it is recommended that
governments and the Organization continue to gather information and review these
guidelines periodically.
1.3 Although Annex V permits the discharge of a range of garbage into the sea, it is
recommended that whenever practicable ships use, as a primary means, port reception
facilities.
1.4 Governments should stimulate the provision and use of port reception facilities for
garbage from ships, as outlined in section 7.2 of these guidelines.
1.5 The Convention provides definitions for terms used throughout these guidelines which
establish the scope of Annex V requirements. These definitions are incorporated in section
1 of these guidelines and in regulation 1 of Annex V. Definitions taken directly from the
Convention are listed in section 1.6, and are followed by other definitions which are
useful.
1.6 Definitions from the Convention
1.6.1 Regulations means the regulations contained in the annexes to the Convention.
1.6.2 Harmful substance means any substance which, in introduced into the sea, is liable
to create hazards to human health, harm living resources and marine life, damage amenities
or interfere with other legitimate uses of the sea, and includes any substance subject to
control by the Convention.
1.6.3 Discharge, in relation to harmful substances of effluents containing such substances,
means any release, howsoever caused, from a ship and includes any escape, disposal,
spilling, leaking, pumping, emitting or emptying.
1.6.3.1 Discharge does not include:
(i) dumping within the meaning of the Convention on the Prevention of Marine
Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, done at London on 13
November 1972; or
(ii) release of harmful substances directly arising from the exploration, exploitation
and associated offshore processing of sea-bed mineral resources; or
(iii) release of harmful substances for purposes of legitimate scientific research
into pollution abatement or control.
1.6.4 Ship means a vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment
and includes hydrofoil boats, air-cushion vehicles, submersibles, floating craft and fixed or
floating platforms.
1.6.5 Incident means an event involving the actual or probable discharge into the sea of a
harmful substance, or effluent containing such a substance.
1.6.6 Organization means the International Maritime Organization.
1.7 Other definitions
1.7.1. Wastes means useless, unneeded or superfluous matter which is to be discarded.
1.7.2. Food wastes are any spoiled or unspoiled victual substances, such as fruits,
vegetables, dairy products, poultry, meat products, food scraps, food particles, and all other
materials contaminated by such wastes, generated aboard ship, principally in the galley and
dining areas.
1.7.3 Plastic means a solid material which contains as an essential ingredient one or
more synthetic organic high polymers and which is formed (shaped) during either
manufacture of the polymer or the fabrication into a finished product by heat and/or
pressure. Plastics have material properties ranging from hard and brittle to soft and elastic.
Plastics are used for a variety of marine purposes including, but not limited to, packaging
(vapour-proof barriers, bottles, containers, liners), ship construction (fibreglass and laminated
structures, siding, piping, insulation, flooring, carpets, fabrics, paints and finishes,
adhesives, electrical and electronic components), disposable eating utensils and cups, bags,
sheeting, floats, fishing nets, strapping bands, rope and line.
1.7.4 Domestic waste means all types of food wastes and wastes generated in the living
spaces on board the ship.
1.7.5 Cargo-associated waste means all materials which have become wastes as a result
of use on board a ship for cargo stowage and handing. Cargo-associated waste includes but
is not limited to dunnage, shoring, pallets, lining and packing materials, plywood, paper,
cardboard, wire, and steel strapping.
1.7.6 Maintenance waste means materials collected by the engine department and the deck
department while maintaining and operating the vessel, such as soot, machinery deposits,
scraped paint, deck sweeping, wiping wastes, and rags, etc.
1.7.7 Operational wastes means all cargo-associated waste and maintenance waste, and
cargo residues defined as garbage in 1.7.10
1.7.8 Dishwater is the residue from the manual or automatic washing of dishes and
cooking utensils which have been pre-cleaned to the extent that any food particles adhering
to them would not normally interfere with the operation of automatic dishwashers.
Greywater is drainage from dishwater, shower, laundry, bath and washbasin drains and does
not include drainage from toilets, urinals, hospitals, and animal spaces, as defined in
regulation 1(3) of Annex IV, as well as drainage from cargo spaces.
1.7.9 Oily rags are rags which have been saturated with oil as controlled in Annex I
to the Convention. Contaminated rags are rags which have been saturated with a substance
defined as a harmful substance in the other annexes to the Convention.
1.7.10 Cargo residue for the purposes of these guidelines are defined as the remnants of
any cargo material on board that cannot be placed in proper cargo holds (loading excess
and spillage) or which remain in cargo holds and elsewhere after unloading procedures are
completed (unloading residual and spillage). However, cargo residues are expected to be
in small quantities.
1.7.11 Fishing gear is defined as any physical device or part thereof or combination of
items that may be placed on or in the water with the intended purpose of capturing, or
controlling for subsequent capture, living marine or freshwater organisms.
1.7.12 Seafarers for the purposes of these guidelines means anyone who goes to sea in a
ship for any purpose including, but not limited to transport of goods and services,
exploration, exploitation and associated offshore processing of sea-bed mineral resources,
fishing and recreation.
1.8 Application
1.8.1 Dishwater and greywater are not included as garbage in the context of Annex V.
1.8.2 Ash and clinkers from shipboard incinerators and coal-burning boilers are
operational wastes in the meaning of Annex V, regulation 1(1) and therefore are included
in the term all other garbage in the meaning of Annex V, regulations 3(1)(b)(ii) and
5(2)(a)(ii).
1.8.3 Cargo residues are to be treated as garbage under Annex V except when those
residues are substances defined or listed under the other annexes to the Convention.
1.8.4 Cargo residues of all other substances are not explicitly excluded from disposal as
garbage under the overall definition of garbage in Annex V. However, certain of these
substances may pose harm to the marine environment and may not be suitable for disposal
at reception facilities equipped to handle general garbage because of their possible safety
hazards. The disposal of such cargo residues should be based on the physical, chemical
and biological properties of the substance and may require special handing not normally
provided by garbage reception facilities.
1.8.5 The release of small quantities of food wastes for the specific purpose of fish
feeding in connection with fishing or tourist operations is not included as garbage in the
context of Annex V.
2 Training, education and information
2.1 The definition of ships used in the Convention requires these guidelines to address
not only the professional and commercial maritime community but also the non-commercial
seafaring population as sources of pollution of the sea by garbage. The Committee
recognized that uniform programmes in the field of training and education would make a
valuable contribution to raising the level of the seafarers's compliance with Annex V,
thereby ensuring compliance with the Convention. Accordingly, governments should develop
and undertake training, education and public information programmes suited for all
seafaring communities under their jurisdiction.
2.2 Governments may exchange and maintain information relevant to compliance with
Annex V regulation through the Organization. Accordingly, governments are encouraged to
provide the Organization with the following:
2.2.1 Technical information on shipboard waste management methods such as recycling,
incineration, compaction, sorting and sanitation system, packaging and provisioning methods;
2.2.2 Copies of current domestic laws and regulations relating to the prevention of
pollution of the sea by garbage;
2.2.3 Educational materials developed to raise the level of compliance with Annex V.
Contributions of this type might include printed materials, posters, brochures, photographs,
audio and video tapes, and films as well as synopses of training programmes, seminars
and formal curricula;
2.2.4 Information and reports on the nature and extent of marine debris found along
beaches and in coastal waters under their respective jurisdictions. In order to assess the
effectiveness of Annex V, these studies should provide details on amounts, distribution,
sources and impacts of marine debris.
2.3 Governments are encouraged to amend their maritime certification examinations and
requirements, as appropriate, to include a knowledge of duties imposed by national and
international law regarding the control of pollution of the sea by garbage.
2.4 Governments are recommended to require all ships of their registry to permanently
post a summary declaration stating the prohibition and restrictions for discharging garbage
from ships under Annex V and the penalties for failure to comply. It is suggested this
declaration be placed on a placard at least 12.5 cm by 20 cm, made of durable material and
fixed in conspicuous place in galley spaces, the mess deck, wardroom, bridge, main deck
and other areas of the ship, as appropriate. The placard should be printed in the language
or languages understood by the crew and passengers.
2.5 Governments are encouraged to have maritime colleges and technical institutes under
their jurisdiction develop or augment curricula to include both the legal duties as well as
the technical options available to professional seafarers for handling ship-generated garbage,
These curricula should also include information on environmental impacts of garbage. A
list of suggested topics to be included in the curriculum are listed below:
2.5.1 Garbage in the marine environment, sources, types and impacts;
2.5.2 National and international laws relating to, or impinging upon shipboard waste
management;
2.5.3 Health and sanitation considerations related to the storage, handling and transfer of
ship-generated garbage;
2.5.4 Current technology for on-board and shoreside processing of shipgenerated garbage;
2.5.5 Provisioning options, materials and procedures to minimize the generation of garbage
aboard ship.
2.6 Professional associations and societies of ship officers, engineers, naval architects,
shipowners and managers, and seamen are encouraged to ensure their members' competency
regarding the handling of ship-generated garbage.
2.6.1 Vessel and reception facility operators should establish training programmes for
personnel operating and maintaining garbage reception or processing equipment. It is
suggested that the programme include instruction on what constitutes garbage and the
applicable regulation for handling and disposing of it. Such training should be reviewed
annually.
2.7 Generalized public information programmes are needed to provide information to
non-professional seafarers, and others concerned with the health and stability of the marine
environment, regarding the impacts of garbage at sea. Governments and involved
commercial organization are encouraged to utilize the Organization's library and to
exchange resources and materials, as appropriate, to initiate internal and external public
awareness programmes.
2.7.1 Methods for delivering this information include radio and television, articles in
periodicals and trade journals, voluntary public projects such as beach clean-up days and
adopt-a-beach programmes, public statements by high government officials, posters,
brochures, conferences and symposia, cooperative research and development, voluntary
product labelling and teaching materials for public schools.
2.7.2 Audiences include recreational boaters and fishermen, port and terminal operators,
coastal communities, ship supply industries, shipbuilders, waste management industries,
plastic manufacturers and fabricators, trade associations, educators and governments.
2.7.3 The subjects addressed in these programmes are recommended to include the
responsibilities of citizens under national and international law; options for handling
garbage at sea and upon return to shore; known sources and types of garbage; impacts of
plastic debris on sea-birds, fish, marine mammals, sea turtles and ship operations; impacts
on coastal tourist trade; current actions by governments and private organizations, and
sources of further information.
3 Minimizing the amount of potential garbage
3.1 All ship operators should minimize the taking aboard of potential garbage and
on-board generation of garbage.
3.2 Domestic wastes may be minimized through proper provisioning practices. Ship
operators and governments should encourage ships' suppliers and provisioners to consider
their products in terms of the garbage they generate. Options available to decrease the
amount of domestic waste generated aboard ship include the following:
3.2.1 Bulk packaging of consumable items may result in less waste being created.
However, factors such as inadequate shelf-life once a container is open must be considered
to avoid increasing wastes.
3.2.2 Reusable packaging and containers can decrease the amount of garbage being
generated. Use of disposable cups, utensils, dishes, towels and rags and other convenience
items should be limited and replaced by washable items when possible.
3.2.3 Where practical options exist, provisions packaged in or made of materials other
than disposable plastic should be selected to replenish ship supplies unless a reusable
plastic alternative is available.
3.3 Operational waste generation is specific to individual ship activities and cargoes. It is
recommended that manufacturers, shippers, ship operators and governments consider the
garbage associated with various categories of cargoes and take action as needed to
minimize their generation. Suggested actions are listed below:
3.3.1 Consider replacing disposable plastic sheeting used for cargo protection with
permanent, reusable covering material;
3.3.2 Consider stowage systems and methods that reuse coverings, dunnage, shoring, lining
and packing materials;
3.3.3 Dunnage, lining and packaging materials generated in port during cargo discharge
should preferably be disposed of to the port reception facilities and not retained on board
for discharge at sea.
3.4 Cargo residues are created through inefficiencies in loading, unloading and on-board
handling.
3.4.1 As cargo residues fall under the scope of these guidelines, it may in certain cases,
be difficult for port reception facilities to handle such residues. It is therefore
recommended that cargo be unloaded as efficiently as possible in order to avoid or
minimize cargo residues.
3.4.2 Spillage of the cargo during transfer operations should be carefully controlled, both
on board and from dockside. Since this spillage typically occurs in port, it should be
completely cleaned up prior to sailing and either delivered into the intended cargo space or
into the port reception facility. Shipboard areas where spillage is most common should be
protected such that the residues are easily recovered.
3.5 Fishing gear, once discharged, becomes a harmful substance. Fishing vessel operators,
their organizations and their respective governments are encouraged to undertake such
research, technology development and regulations as may be necessary to minimize the
probability of loss, and maximize the probability of recovery of fishing gear from the
ocean. It is recommended that fishing vessel operators record and report the loss and
recovery of fishing gear. Techniques both to minimize the amount of fishing gear lost in
the ocean and to maximize recovery of same are listed below.
3.5.1 Operators and associations of fishing vessels using untended, fixed or drifting gear
are encouraged to develop information exchanges with such other ship traffic as may be
necessary to minimize accidental encounters between ships and gear. Governments are
encouraged to assist in the development of information system where necessary.
3.5.2 Fishery managers are encouraged to consider the probability of encounters between
ship traffic and fishing gear when establishing seasons, areas and gear-type regulations.
3.5.3 Fishery managers, fishing vessel operators and associations are encouraged to utilize
gear identification systems which provide information such as vessel name, registration
number and nationality, etc. Such systems may be useful to promote reporting, recovery
and return of lost gear.
3.5.4 Fishing vessel operators are encouraged to document positions and reasons for loss
of their gear. To reduce the potential of entanglement and "ghost fishing" (capture of
marine life by discharged fishing gear), benthic traps, trawl and gill-nets could be designed
to have degradable panels or sections made of natural fibre twine, wood or wire.
3.5.5 Governments are encouraged to consider the development of technology for more
effective fishing gear identification systems.
3.6 Governments are encouraged to undertake research and technology development to
minimize potential garbage and its impacts on the marine environment. Suggested areas for
such study are listed below:
3.6.1 Development of recycling technology and systems for synthetic materials returned to
shore as garbage;
3.6.2 Development of technology for degradable synthetic materials to replace current
plastic products as appropriate. In this connection, governments should also study the
impacts on the environment of the products of degradation of such new materials.
4 Shipboard garbage handling and storage procedures
4.1 Limitations on the discharge of garbage from ships as specified in Anne XV are
summarized in table 1. Although discharge at sea, except in special areas, of a wide range
of ship-generated garbage is permitted outside specified distances from the nearest land,
preference should be given to disposal at shore reception facilities.
4.1.1 Compliance with these limitations requires personnel, equipment and procedures for
collecting, sorting, processing, storing and disposing, of garbage. Economic and procedural
considerations associated with these activities include storage space requirements, sanitation,
equipment and personnel costs and in port garbage service charges.
| Garbage
type | ***All ships
except platforms | ***Offshore
platforms |
Outside
special areas | **In special
areas |
Plastics -
includes synthetic ropes and fishing nets and plastic garbage bags | Disposal prohibited | Disposal prohibited | Disposal prohibited |
Floating dunnage,
lining and packing materials | > 25 miles
offshore | Disposal prohibited | Disposal prohibited |
Paper, rags,
glass, metal,bottles, crockery and
similar refuse | >12 miles | Disposal prohibited | Disposal prohibited |
All other garbage
including paper, rags, glass, etc. comminuted or ground | >3 miles | Disposal prohibited | Disposal prohibited |
| Food waste not
comminuted or ground | >12 miles | >12 miles | Disposal prohibited |
| *Food waste
comminuted or ground | >3 miles | >12 miles | >12 miles |
| Mixed refuse types | **** | **** | **** |