471 Interim guidelines for voluntary ship CO2 Emission indexing

INTERNATIONALMARITIMEORGANIZATION

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                                                                                                    IMO

 

 

 

Ref. T5/1.08                                                                                                               MEPC/Circ.471

29 July 2005

 

 

 

INTERIM GUIDELINES FOR VOLUNTARY SHIP CO2 EMISSION INDEXING.

 

                                 FOR USE IN TRIALS

 

 

 

1          The  Marine  Environment  Protection  Committee,  at  its  fifty-third  session  (July  2005), approvedtheInterimGuidelinesforVoluntaryShipCO2 EmissionIndexingforUseinTrials,and requested  the  Secretariat  to  issue  the  InterimGuidelines  by  an  MEPC  Circular  (MEPC  53/24, paragraph 4.55.1).

 

2          The InterimGuidelines, as approved by the Committee, are attached at annex hereto.

 

 

 

ANNEX

 

 

 

 

 

 

1          TheConferenceofPartiestotheInternationalConventionforthePreventionofPollution fromShips,1973,asmodifiedbytheProtocolof1978relatingthereto,heldfrom15to26September

1997inconjunctionwiththeMarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee'sfortiethsession,adopted Conference  resolution  8,  on  CO2   emissions  from  ships.                                              The  resolution  invites  the  Marine EnvironmentProtectionCommitteetoconsiderwhatCO2 reductionstrategiesmaybefeasiblein lightoftherelationshipbetweenCO2 andotheratmosphericandmarinepollutants,especiallyNOx since NOx emissions may exhibit an inverse relationship to CO2  reduction.

 

2          IMO  Assembly  resolution  A.963(23)  on  “IMO Policies  and  Practices  Related  to  the ReductionofGreenhouseGasEmissionsfromShips”urgedtheMarineEnvironmentProtection Committee(MEPC)toidentifyanddevelopthemechanismormechanismsneededtoachievethe limitationorreductionofGreenhouseGas(GHG)emissionsfrominternationalshippingand,in doing  so,  to  give  priority  to  the  establishment  of  a  GHG  baseline;  and  the  development  of  a methodologytodescribetheGHGefficiencyofashipintermsofGHGemissionindexforthatship.

IndevelopingthemethodologyfortheGHGemissionindexingscheme,MEPCshouldrecognize that CO2  is the main greenhouse gas emitted by ships.

 

3          AsurgedbytheAssembly,MEPC53approvedInterimGuidelinesforVoluntaryShipCO2

Emission Indexing for Use in Trials.

 

4          The  Interim  Guidelines  should  be  used  to  establish  a  common  approach  for  trials  on voluntaryCO2 emissionindexing,whichwillenableshipownerstoevaluatetheperformanceoftheir fleetwithregardtoCO2 emissions.  AstheamountofCO2 emittedfromashipisdirectlyrelatedto

theconsumptionofbunkerfueloil,theCO2 indexingwillalsoprovideusefulinformationonaship's performance with regard to fuel efficiency.

 

5          These Guidelines shall be updated, taking into account:

 

-          Operationalexperiencesfromtrialsoftheindexfordifferentshiptypes,asreported

to MEPC by industry, organizations and Administrations;

 

-          Progress in ISO regarding ship's CO2  performance;

 

-          Any other relevant developments.

 

6          Industry,organizationsandinterestedAdministrationsareinvitedtopromotetheuseofthe attachedInterimGuidelinesintrialsandreporttheirexperiencesbacktoMEPC58(October2008).

 

 

 

 

ANNEX

 

 

Contents

 

1     INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................3

 

2     OBJECTIVES.......................................................................................................................3

 

3     DEFINITIONS......................................................................................................................3

3.1          Index definition...............................................................................................................3

3.2          Fuel consumption............................................................................................................4

3.3          Distance sailed................................................................................................................4

3.4          Ship and cargo types.......................................................................................................4

3.5          Cargo      .........................................................................................................................4

 

4     ESTABLISHING CO2  OPERATIONAL INDEX.............................................................5

 

5     DATA RECORDING AND REPORTING PROCEDURES...........................................5

 

6     MONITORING AND VERIFICATION............................................................................5

 

7     APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES...................................................................................6

 

 

 

APPENDIX - Calculation of CO2  Index based on operational data

 

 

 

1 INTRODUCTION

In1997IMOadoptedaresolutiononCO2 emissionsfromships1.Thisresolutioninvitesthe MarineEnvironmentProtectionCommittee(MEPC)toconsiderwhatCO2  reductionstrategies would be feasible for ships.

 

IMOAssemblyfurtheradoptedresolutionA.963(23)onIMOpoliciesandpracticesrelatedto

thereductionofgreenhousegasemissionsfromships,whichrequeststheMEPCtodevelopa greenhouse gas emission index for ships, and guidelines for application of that index.

 

ThisdocumentconstitutestheguidelinesfortheapplicationofanIMOCO2 emissionsindex for ships.  It sets out:

 

·          what the objectives of the IMO CO2  emissions index are,

·          how a ship's CO2  performance should be measured, and

·          howtheindexcouldbeusedtopromotelow-emissionshipping,inordertohelplimit the impact of shipping on global climate change.

2 OBJECTIVES

         

 

Theobjectiveoftheseguidelinesistoprovidetheuserswithguidanceonachievingthe targets  set  by  IMO  resolution  A.963(23).   The  guidelines  provide  assistance  in  the  process  of establishingamechanismtoachievethelimitationorreductionofgreenhousegasemissionsfrom shipping.

 

This  guideline  presents  the  concept  of  an  index  for  the  energy  efficiency  of  a  ship  in operation,  limited  to  an  expression  of  efficiency  expressed  in  way  of  CO2  emitted  per  unit  of transportwork.   Theguidelinesareintendedasanobjective,performance-baseddocumentfor guidance on monitoring of the efficiency of ship operation.

 

Theseguidelinesarerecommendatoryinnatureandpresentapossibleapplicationofan index.   However,  shipowners  are  invited  to  implement  these  guidelines  in  their  environmental management systems and adopt the principles herein for performance monitoring.

3 DEFINITIONS

         

 

3.1       Index definition

 

InitsmostsimpleformtheCarbonDioxideTransportEfficiencyIndex isdefinedastheratio

of mass of CO2  per unit of transport work:

 

Index   = mCO2  / (transport work)

 

For more details of index calculation see 3.2-3.4 and Appendix 1.

 

 

 

 

 

                        Resolution8ofthe1997InternationalConferenceofPartiestoMARPOL73/78.

 

 

3.2       Fuel consumption

 

Fuelconsumption ,FC,isdefinedasallfuelconsumedatseaandinportorforaperiodin question, e.g. a day, by main and auxiliary engines including boilers and incinerators.

 

3.3       Distance sailed

 

Distancesailed ,meanstheactualdistancesailedinnauticalmiles(decklogbookdata)forthe voyage or period in question.

 

3.4       Ship and cargo types

 

The guidelines are applicable for all ships performing transport work. Ships:

1.      Bulk                     Tankers and bulk carriers

2.      General cargo       Container  ships,  reefers,  general  cargo,  car  carriers  and specialized ships

3.      Passenger             Passenger ships, ro-ro passenger ships

 

Cargo:

1.      Bulk cargo            All liquid and solid bulk cargo

2.      General cargo       General cargo which will include TEUs (including the return

ofempty  units),  break  bulk,  heavy  lifts,  frozen  and  chilled goods,  timber  and  forest  products,  cargo  carried  on  freight vehicles, cars and freight vehicles on ro-ro ferries

3.      Passenger             The number of passengers carried

 

3.5       Cargo

 

Generally, cargo could be defined in terms of cargo mass.

 

Forbulkandgeneralcargoships,themassoftransportedcargoshouldbedefinedinmetric tonnes (t).

 

ForshipscarryingacombinationofcontainersandothercargoesaTEUmassof10tshould

be applied for loaded TEUs and 2 t for empty TEUs.

 

For other types of ship, the following units could be applied:

 

·	For bulk carriers and tankers:	cubic metres (m3)
·	For passenger vessels:	number of passengers
·	For car ferries and car carriers:	number of car units or occupied lane metres
·	For container ships:	number of TEUs (empty or full)
·	For railway and ro-ro vessels:	number of railway cars and freight vehicles,
		or occupied lane metres

 

4 ESTABLISHING CO2 OPERATIONAL INDEX

 

In order to establish the CO2  index, the following main steps need to be executed:

 

.1         Define data sources for data collection.

 

.2         Collect data.

 

.3         Convert data to appropriate format.

 

.4         Calculate CO2  index.

 

Forexistingships,theCO2 indexshouldrepresentanaveragevalueoftheenergyefficiency

oftheshipoperationoveraperiodofone-year.  Guidanceonthecalculationprocedurefortheindex

is provided in the Appendix.

 

For  newly  built  ships  the  CO2   index  should  represent  an  average  value  of  the  energy efficiency of the ship operation over a period of not less than six months.

5 DATA RECORDING AND DOCUMENTATION PROCEDURES

    

 

Thedatarecordingmethodusedinparticularshiptypesmustbeuniformsothatinformation canbeeasilycollatedandanalysedtofacilitatetheextractionoftherequiredinformation.   The collectionofdatafromshipsshouldincludethedistancetravelled,thequantityandtypeoffuelused, andallfuelinformationthatmayaffecttheamountofcarbondioxideemitted.  Fuelinformationis provided  on  the  bunker  delivery  notes  that  are  required  under  regulation  18  of  Annex  VI  to MARPOL.

 

Theunitusedfordistancetravelledandquantityoffuelshouldbeexpressedinnauticalmiles and metric tonnes.  The cargo should be expressed as stated in paragraph 3.5.

 

Itisimportantthatsufficientinformationiscollectedontheshipwithregardtofueltypeand quantity, distance travelled and cargo type so that the efficiency of the shipcanbecomparedwith other modes of transport.

 

Thedistancetravelledshouldbecalculatedbyactualdistancetravelled,ascontainedinthe shipís log-book.

 

Amountandtypeoffuelused(bunkerdeliverynotes)anddistancetravelled(accordingtothe shipíslog-book)shouldbedocumentedbytheshipbasedontheformatdescribedintheAppendix.

6 MONITORING AND VERIFICATION

      

 

Documentedprocedurestomonitorandmeasure,onaregularbasis,shouldbedevelopedand maintained.  Elements to be considered when establishing procedures for monitoring are:

 

 

·          identification ofoperations/activities with impact on the performance;

·          identificationofdatasourcesandmeasurementsthatarenecessary,andspecification

ofthe format;

·          identification of frequency and personnel performing measurements; and

·          maintain quality control procedures for verification procedures.

 

Theresultsofthisself-criticalanalysisshouldbereviewedandusedasindicatorsofthe system'ssuccessandreliability,aswellasidentifyingthoseareasinneedofcorrectiveactionor improvement.

 

Recordsareexpectedtoexisttoserveasverificationofthesystemoperating.  Forexample, recordsincludeauditreportsandtrainingrecords.  Unlikecontrolleddocuments,recordsare “once anddone”documents,resultingfromtheexecutionofsomeprocessorprocedure.Proceduresinthis element are required for the maintenance of records.

 

Itisimportantthatthesourceoffiguresestablishedareproperlyrecorded,thebasisonwhich figureshavebeencalculatedandanydecisionsondifficultor “grey”areasofdata.Thiswillprovide assistance on areas for improvement and be helpful for any later external verification.

 

Ifonlyinternalverificationofreportsareappliedinitially,measuringandreportingsystems shouldbedevelopedtoalloweffectiveexternalverificationatalaterstage.  Itshouldbeconsidered stating,forthebenefitofexternalstakeholders,whyareporthasnotbeenindependentlyverifiedand

the company'sfuture intentions in this regard.

7 APPLICATION OF GUIDELINES

        

 

MethodologyandapplicationofshipCO2 indexing,asdescribedinthisguideline,providesa transparentandrecognizedapproachforassessmentoftheGHGefficiencyofashipwithrespectto CO2  emissions.  Theseguidelinesareconsideredapplicableforshipownerswithanimplemented environmental management system.

 

ImplementationoftheCO2 indexinanestablishedenvironmentalmanagementsystemshould

beperformedinlinewiththeimplementationofanyotherchosenindicatorandfollowthemain

elements  of  the  recognized  standards  (planning,  implementation  and  operation,  checking  and corrective action, management review).

 

WhenusingtheCO2 indexasperformanceindicator,theindexshouldbegivenaperspective relative to absolute data and trend data:

 

·          The main indicator may be greenhouse gas emissions fromenergy use.

·          Absolute data may be total tonnes of annual CO2  emissions.

·          The CO2  index may represent the normalized data (CO2  per tonne mile).

·          Trend data may be the index value compared with previous years.

 

Internal  performance  criteria  and  targets  could  be  established  as  a  benchmark  for  the

CO2  index.

 

Results  from  monitoring  and  measurements  could  be  reported  to  the  management.

A  management  review  may  include  the  review  of  targets,  objectives,  and  CO2    index  to establish  the  continued  suitability  in  light  of  changing  environmental  impact  and  concerns, regulatory   developments,   concerns   among   interested   parties,   market   pressures,   internal changes/organizational activity changes, and changes in the environment.

 

Communicationinanenvironmentalmanagementsystemincludesthecommunicationof internal  and  external  environmental  information  to  management,  and  the  communication  from managementtoothersoftheirintentionsregardingenvironmentalimpacts.  Communicationcould includeproceduresforinternalreportingaswellasexternalreportingonenvironmentalactivitiesof

the organization.

APPENDIX

 

 

APPENDIX

 

                                                 Calculation of CO2  index based on operational data

 

 

General

 

TheobjectiveoftheappendixistoprovideguidanceoncalculationoftheCO2 indexbased

on data fromthe operation of the ship.

 

Data sources

 

Primarydatasourcesselectedcouldbetheshiplogbook(bridgelog-book,enginelog-book, deck log-book and other official records).

 

Fuel mass to CO2  mass conversion by carbon content of fuel

 

Although  having  many  different  physical  characteristics,  fuel  oil  mainly  consists  of hydrocarbons,e.g.C15H32.  Chasanatomicweightof12.011,whileHydrogen(H)has1.  This yieldscarbonwithamassfractionlimitedtotherangeof85%to87.5%,wheredieseloilisinthe higher%rangeandheavyfueloilinthelower%range.  Whencombustedhydrocarbonsreactwith oxygen(O),whichhaveanatomicweightof15.9994thenforeachCO2 oneCisneeded.  Usingthe atomic weights the ratio between CO2  and carbon is:

 

(12.011 + 2 x 15.9994) / 12.011 = 44.01/12.01 = 3.664

 

MultiplyingwiththemassfractionofcarboninthefuelwegetthespecificemissionofCO2

(Ccarbon).  Ccarbon  for a fuel with 85% carbon content will be:

 

Ccarbon  = 3.664 x 0.85  = 3.114 t CO2  / t fuel

= 3.114 x 106  g CO2  / t fuel

 

for heavy fuel oil with a carbon content of 85% by mass.

 

It is recommended to use direct carbon calculations.

 

If these data are not easily available in a firstapproachthefollowingdefaultvaluescanbe used for the carbon content and the factor CCarbon: µ.

 

 

 

Type of fuel	ISO Specification	Carbon content m/m	CCarbon  [g CO2  / t Fuel]
1 Diesel/Gasoil	ISO 8217 Grades DMX through DMC	0.8751	3,206,000
2 Light Fuel Oil (LFO)	ISO 8217 Grades RMA through RMD	0.862	3,151,040
3 Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO)	ISO 8217 Grades RME through RMK	0.851	3,114,400
4 Liquid Petrol Gas (LPG)		0.811	2,967,840
5 Natural Gas		0.802	2,931,200

 

Calculation of the CO2  Index

 

The basic expression for the Index is defined as:

 

å FCi¿ CCarbon

i

Index=                                     (gramCO2/tonne identical mile)

å mcargo,i  ¿ Di

i

 

Datacoveringavoyageorperiod,e.g.aday,inquestionwithcorrespondingdataonfuel

consumption/cargocarriedanddistancedsailedforeachvoyageinacontinuoussailingpatterncould

NAME AND TYPE OF SHIP:Voyage or day (i)Fuel consumption (FC) at sea and in port in tonnesVoyage     or     time period dataFuel type (        )Fuel type (           )Fuel type (          )¿¿Cargo(m)(tonnes or units)Distance(D)(NM)1                        2   

• Informatietype: Internationaal
• Documentsoort: Circulaire niet in wetten.nl
• Toegangsrechten: Extern
• Identificatie: PUC_1705_14
• Versie: 1
• Datum beschikbaarheid: 07-11-2007
• Geldigheid van: 29-07-2005
• Wijzigingsdatum: 24-11-2016
• Titel: 471 Interim guidelines for voluntary ship CO2 Emission indexing
• Organisatie: International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• Taal: Nederlands
• Onderwerp: Milieu / Environment
• Hoofdtaak: Koopvaardij / Merchant Shipping
• Thema: Zeevaart / Seagoing ships / Information / IMO Instruments (Informative) / Circulars (Informative) / MEPC Circulars (Informative) / MEPC/Circ. 400 until 599