Containment of fire
1 Purpose
The purpose of this regulation is to contain a fire in the space of origin. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met:
- the ship shall be subdivided by thermal and structural boundaries;
- thermal insulation of boundaries shall have due regard to the fire risk of the space and adjacent spaces; and
- the fire integrity of the divisions shall be maintained at openings and penetrations.
2 Thermal and structural boundaries
2.1 Thermal and structural subdivision
Ships of all types shall be subdivided into spaces by thermal and structural divisions having regard to the fire risks of the space.
2.2 Passenger ships
2.2.1 Main vertical zones and horizontal zones
2.2.1.1.1 In ships carrying more than 36 passengers, the hull, superstructure and deckhouses shall be subdivided into main vertical zones by "A-60" class divisions. Steps and recesses shall be kept to a minimum, but where they are necessary they shall also be "A-60" class divisions. Where a category (5), (9) or (10) space defined in paragraph 2.2.3.2.2 is on one side or where fuel oil tanks are on both sides of the division the standard may be reduced to "A-0".
2.2.1.1.2 In ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, the hull, superstructure and deckhouses in way of accommodation and service spaces shall be subdivided into main vertical zones by "A" class divisions. These divisions shall have insulation values in accordance with tables in paragraph 2.2.4.
2.2.1.2 As far as practicable, the bulkheads forming the boundaries of the main vertical zones above the bulkhead deck shall be in line with watertight subdivision bulkheads situated immediately below the bulkhead deck. The length and width of main vertical zones may be extended to a maximum of 48 m in order to bring the ends of main vertical zones to coincide with watertight subdivision bulkheads or in order to accommodate a large public space extending for the whole length of the main vertical zone provided that the total area of the main vertical zone is not greater than 1,600 m2 on any deck. The length or width of a main vertical zone is the maximum distance between the furthermost points of the bulkheads bounding it.
2.2.1.3 Such bulkheads shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries.
2.2.1.4 Where a main vertical zone is subdivided by horizontal "A" class divisions into horizontal zones for the purpose of providing an appropriate barrier between a zone with sprinklers and a zone without sprinklers, the divisions shall extend between adjacent main vertical zone bulkheads and to the shell or exterior boundaries of the ship and shall be insulated in accordance with the fire insulation and integrity values given in table 9.4.
2.2.1.5.1 On ships designed for special purposes, such as automobile or railroad car ferries, where the provision of main vertical zone bulkheads would defeat the purpose for which the ship is intended, equivalent means for controlling and limiting a fire shall be substituted and specifically approved by the Administration. Service spaces and ship stores shall not be located on ro-ro decks unless protected in accordance with the applic able regulations.
2.2.1.5.2 However, in a ship with special category spaces, such spaces shall comply with the applicable provisions of regulation 20 and where such compliance would be inconsistent with other requirements for passenger ships specified in this chapter, the requirements of regulation 20 shall prevail.
2.2.2 Bulkheads within a main vertical zone
2.2.2.1 For ships carrying more than 36 passengers, bulkheads which are not required to be "A" class divisions shall be at least "B" class or "C" class divisions as prescribed in the tables in paragraph 2.2.3.
2.2.2.2 For ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, bulkheads within accommodation and service spaces which are not required to be "A" class divisions shall be at least "B" class or "C" class divisions as prescribed in the tables in paragraph 2.2.4. In addition, corridor bulkheads, where not required to be "A" class, shall be "B" class divisions which shall extend from deck to deck except:
- when continuous "B" class ceilings or linings are fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the portion of the bulkhead behind the continuous ceiling or lining shall be of material which, in thickness and composition, is acceptable in the construction of "B" class divisions, but which shall be required to meet "B" class integrity standards only in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Administration; and
- in the case of a ship protected by an automatic sprinkler system complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code, the corridor bulkheads may terminate at a ceiling in the corridor provided such bulkheads and ceilings are of “B” class standard in compliance with paragraph 2.2.4. All doors and frames in such bulkheads shall be of non-combustible materials and shall have the same fire integrity as the bulkhead in which they are fitted.
2.2.2.3 Bulkheads required to be "B" class divisions, except corridor bulkheads as prescribed in paragraph 2.2.2.2, shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries. However, where a continuous "B" class ceiling or lining is fitted on both sides of a bulkhead which is at least of the same fire resistance as the adjoining bulkhead, the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.
2.2.3 Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks in ships carrying more than 36 passengers
2.2.3.1 In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of passenger ships, the minimum fire integrity of all bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 9.1 and 9.2. Where, due to any particular structural arrangements in the ship, difficulty is experienced in determining from the tables the minimum fire integrity value of any divisions, such values shall be determined to the satisfaction of the Administration.
2.2.3.2 The following requirements shall govern application of the tables:
- Table 9.1 shall apply to bulkheads not bounding either main vertical zones or horizontal zones. Table 9.2 shall apply to decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones;
- For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to boundaries between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (14) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed rooms within a space that have less than 30% communicating openings to that space are considered separate spaces.
The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller rooms shall be as prescribed in tables 9.1 and 9.2. The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables.
- Control stations
Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
Wheelhouse and chartroom.
Spaces containing the ship’s radio equipment.
Fire control stations
Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the propulsion machinery space.
Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment.
Spaces containing centralized emergency public address system stations and equipment.
- Stairways
Interior stairways, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) for passengers and crew and enclosures thereto.
In this connection a stairway which is enclosed at only one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
- Corridors
Passenger and crew corridors and lobbies.
- Evacuation stations and external escape routes
Survival craft stowage area.
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades forming lifeboat and liferaft embarkation and lowering stations.
Assembly stations, internal and external.
External stairs and open decks used for escape routes.
The ship’s side to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, superstructure and deckhouse sides situated below and adjacent to the liferaft and evacuation slide embarkation areas.
- Open deck spaces
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades clear of lifeboat and liferaft embarkation and lowering stations. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings.
Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).
- Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk
Cabins containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk.
Offices and dispensaries containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk.
Public spaces containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk and having a deck area of less than 50 m2.
- Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk
Spaces as in category (6) above but containing furniture and furnishings of other than restricted fire risk.
Public spaces containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk and having a deck area of 50 m2 or more.
Isolated lockers and small store-rooms in accommodation spaces having areas less than 4 m2 (in which flammable liquids are not stowed).
Sale shops. Motion picture projection and film stowage rooms. Diet kitchens (containing no open flame).
Cleaning gear lockers (in which flammable liquids are not stowed).
Laboratories (in which flammable liquids are not stowed).
Pharmacies.
Small drying rooms (having a deck area of 4 m2 or less).
Specie rooms.
Operating rooms.
- Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk
Public spaces containing furniture and furnishings of other than restricted fire risk and having a deck area of 50 m2 or more.
Barber shops and beauty parlours.
Saunas.
- Sanitary and similar spaces
Communal sanitary facilities, showers, baths, water closets, etc.
Small laundry rooms.
Indoor swimming pool area.
Isolated pantries containing no cooking appliances in accommodation spaces.
Private sanitary facilities shall be considered a portion of the space in which they are located.
- Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk
Water tanks forming part of the ship’s structure.
Voids and cofferdams.
Auxiliary machinery spaces which do not contain machinery having a pressure lubrication system and where storage of combustibles is prohibited, such as:
- ventilation and air-conditioning rooms;
- windlass room;
- steering gear room;
- stabilizer equipment room;
- electrical propulsion motor room;
rooms containing section switchboards and purely electrical equipment other than oil-filled electrical transformers (above 10 kVA);
shaft alleys and pipe tunnels;
spaces for pumps and refrigeration machinery (not handling or using flammable liquids).
Closed trunks serving the spaces listed above.
Other closed trunks such as pipe and cable trunks.
- Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces of moderate fire risk
Cargo oil tanks.
Cargo holds, trunkways and hatchways.
Refrigerated chambers.
Oil fuel tanks (where installed in a separate space with no machinery).
Shaft alleys and pipe tunnels allowing storage of combustibles.
Auxiliary machinery spaces as in category (10) which contain machinery having a pressure lubrication system or where storage of combustibles is permitted.
Oil fuel filling stations.
Spaces containing oil-filled electrical transformers (above 10 kVA).
Spaces containing turbine and reciprocating steam engine driven auxiliary generators and small internal combustion engines of power output up to 110 kW driving generators, sprinkler, drencher or fire pumps, bilge pumps, etc.
Closed trunks serving the spaces listed above.
- Machinery spaces and main galleys
Main propulsion machinery rooms (other than electric propulsion motor rooms) and boiler rooms.
Auxiliary machinery spaces other than those in categories (10) and (11) which contain internal combustion machinery or other oil-burning, heating or pumping units.
Main galleys and annexes.
Trunks and casings to the spaces listed above.
- Store-rooms, workshops, pantries, etc.
Main pantries not annexed to galleys.
Main laundry.
Large drying rooms (having a deck area of more than 4 m2)
Miscellaneous stores.
Mail and baggage rooms.
Garbage rooms.
Workshops (not part of machinery spaces, galleys, etc.).
Lockers and store-rooms having areas greater than 4 m2, other than those spaces that have provisions for the storage of flammable liquids.
- Other spaces in which flammable liquids are stowed Paint lockers.
Store-rooms containing flammable liquids (including dyes, medicines, etc.).
Laboratories (in which flammable liquids are stowed);
- Where a single value is shown for the fire integrity of a boundary between two spaces, that value shall apply in all cases;
- Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 2.2.2 there are no special requirements for material or integrity of boundaries where only a dash appears in the tables; and
- The Administration shall determine in respect of category (5) spaces whether the insulation values in table 9.1 shall apply to ends of deckhouses and superstructures, and whether the insulation values in table 9.2 shall apply to weather decks. In no case shall the requirements of category (5) of tables 9.1 or 9.2 necessitate enclosure of spaces which in the opinion of the Administration need not be enclosed.
Table 9.1 – Bulkheads not bounding either main vertical zones or horizontal zones
| Spaces | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) |
| Control stations | (1) | B-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 |
| Stairways | (2) | | A-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 | A-15 | A-0c | A-0 | A-15 | A-30 | A-15 | A-30 |
| Corridors | (3) | | | B-15 | A-60 | A-0 | B-15 | B-15 | B-15 | B-15 | A-0 | A-15 | A-30 | A-0 | A-30 |
| Evacuation stations and external escape routes | (4) | | | | | A-0 | A-60b,d | A-60b,d | A-60b,d | A-0d | A-0 | A-60b | A-60b | A-60b | A-60b |
| Open deck spaces | (5) | | | | | | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk | (6) | | | | | | B-0 | B-0 | B-0 | C | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | A-0 | A-30 |
| Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk | (7) | | | | | | | B-0 | B-0 | C | A-0 | A-15 | A-60 | A-15 | A-60 |
| Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk | (8) | | | | | | | | B-0 | C | A-0 | A-30 | A-60 | A-15 | A-60 |
| Sanitary and similar spaces | (9) | | | | | | | | | C | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk | (10) | | | | | | | | | | A-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces ofmoderate fire risk | (11) | | | | | | | | | | | A-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 |
| Machinery spaces and main galleys | (12) | | | | | | | | | | | | A-0a | A-0 | A-60 |
| Store-rooms, workshops, pantries, etc. | (13) | | | | | | | | | | | | | A-0a | A-0 |
| Other spaces in which flammableliquids are stowed | (14) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | A-30 |
See notes following table 9.2.
Table 9.2 – Decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones
| | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) | (12) | (13) | (14) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-30 | A-30 | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 |
| Stairways | (2) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | A-0 | A-30 |
| Corridors | (3) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0a | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | A-0 | A-30 |
| Evacuation stations and external escape routes | (4) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | - | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Open deck spaces | (5) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | - | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
Accommodation spaces of minor fire risk | (6) | A-60 | A-15 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Accommodation spaces of moderate fire risk | (7) | A-60 | A-15 | A-15 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Accommodation spaces of greater fire risk | (8) | A-60 | A-15 | A-15 | A-60 | A-0 | A-15 | A-15 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Sanitary and similar spaces | (9) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Tanks, voids and auxiliary machinery spaces having little or no fire risk | (10) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Auxiliary machinery spaces, cargo spaces, cargo and other oil tanks and other similar spaces ofmoderate fire risk | (11) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0a | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 |
| Machinery spaces and main galleys | (12) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | A-30a | A-0 | A-60 |
| Store-rooms, workshops, pantries, etc. | (13) | A-60 | A-30 | A-15 | A-60 | A-0 | A-15 | A-30 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
| Other spaces in which flammableliquids are stowed | (14) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-30 | A-60 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 |
Note: To be applied to tables 9.1 and 9.2.
- Where adjacent spaces are in the same numerical category and superscript "a" appears, a bulkhead or deck between such spaces need not be fitted if deemed unnecessary by the Administration. For example, in category (12) a bulkhead need not be required between a galley and its annexed pantries provided the pantry bulkhead and decks maintain the integrity of the galley boundaries. A bulkhead is, however, required between a galley and machinery space even though both spaces are in category (12).
- The ship’s side, to the waterline in the lightest seagoing condition, superstructure and deckhouse sides situated below and adjacent to liferafts and evacuation slides may be reduced to "A-30".
- Where public toilets are installed completely within the stairway enclosure, the public toilet bulkhead within the stairway enclosure can be of "B" class integrity.
- Where spaces of categories (6), (7), (8) and (9) are located completely within the outer perimeter of the assembly station, the bulkheads of these spaces are allowed to be of "B-0" class integrity. Control positions for audio, video and light installations may be considered as part of the assembly station.
2.2.3.3 Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.
2.2.3.4 Construction and arrangement of saunas
2.2.3.4.1 The perimeter of the sauna shall be of "A" class boundaries and may include changing rooms, showers and toilets. The sauna shall be insulated to A-60 standard against other spaces except those inside of the perimeter and spaces of categories (5), (9) and (10).
2.2.3.4.2 Bathrooms with direct access to saunas may be considered as part of them. In such cases, the door between sauna and the bathroom need not comply with fire safety requirements.
2.2.3.4.3 The traditional wooden lining on the bulkheads and ceiling are permitted in the sauna. The ceiling above the oven shall be lined with a non-combustible plate with an air gap of at least 30 mm. The distance from the hot surfaces to combustible materials shall be at least 500 mm or the combustible materials shall be protected (e.g. non-combustible plate with an air gap of at least 30 mm).
2.2.3.4.4 The traditional wooden benches are permitted to be used in the sauna.
2.2.3.4.5 The sauna door shall open outwards by pushing.
2.2.3.4.6 Electrically heated ovens shall be provided with a timer.
2.2.4 Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks in ships carrying not more than 36 passengers
2.2.4.1 In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of passenger ships, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 9.3 and 9.4.
2.2.4.2 The following requirements govern application of the tables:
- Tables 9.3 and 9.4 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces;
- For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (11) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed rooms within a space that have less than 30 % communicating openings to that space are considered separate spaces. The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller rooms shall be as prescribed in tables 9.3 and 9.4. The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables.
- Control stations
Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
Wheelhouse and chartroom.
Spaces containing the ship’s radio equipment.
Fire control stations.
Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space.
Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment.
- Corridors
Passenger and crew corridors and lobbies.
- Accommodation spaces
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.1 excluding corridors.
- Stairways
Interior stairways, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto.
In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
- Service spaces (low risk)
Lockers and store-rooms not having provisions for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas less than 4 m2 and drying rooms and laundries.
- Machinery spaces of category A
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.31.
- Other machinery spaces
Electrical equipment rooms (auto-telephone exchange, air-conditioning duct spaces).
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.30 excluding machinery spaces of category A.
- Cargo spaces
All spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks) and trunkways and hatchways to such spaces, other than special category spaces.
- Service spaces (high risk)
Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, paint and lamp rooms, lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 m2 or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, saunas and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.
- Open decks
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. Enclosed promenades should have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishing should be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces should be naturally ventilated by permanent openings. Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).
- Special category and ro-ro spaces
Spaces as defined in regulations 3.41 and 3.46;
- In determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a boundary between two spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is not protected by an automatic sprinkler system complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code or between such zones neither of which is so protected, the higher of the two values given in the tables shall apply; and
- In determining the applicable fire integrity standard of a boundary between two spaces within a main vertical zone or horizontal zone which is protected by an automatic sprinkler system complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code or between such zones both of which are so protected, the lesser of the two values given in the tables shall apply. Where a zone with sprinklers and a zone without sprinklers meet within accommodation and service spaces, the higher of the two values given in the tables shall apply to the division between the zones.
2.2.4.3 Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.
2.2.4.4 External boundaries which are required in regulation 11.2 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles provided that there is no requirement for such boundaries of passenger ships to have "A" class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have "A" class integrity, doors may be constructed of materials which are to the satisfaction of the Administration.
2.2.4.5 Saunas shall comply with paragraph 2.2.3.4.
Table 9.3 – Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces
| Spaces | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0c | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-15 | A-60 | A-15 | A-60 | A-60 | * | A-60 |
| Corridors | (2) | | Ce | B-0e | A-0aB-0e | B-0e | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15A-0d | * | A-15 |
| Accommodation spaces | (3) | | | Ce | A-0aB-0e | B-0e | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15A-0d | * | A-30A-0d |
| Stairways | (4) | | | | A-0aB-0e | A-0aB-0e | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-15A-0d | * | A-15 |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | | | | | Ce | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | | | | | | * | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | * | A-60 |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | | | | | | | A-0b | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Cargo spaces | (8) | | | | | | | | * | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | | | | | | | | | A-0b | * | A-30 |
| Open decks | (10) | | | | | | | | | | | A-0 |
| Special category and ro-ro spaces | (11) | | | | | | | | | | | A-0 |
Table 9.4 – Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces
| | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Corridors | (2) | A-0 | * | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Accommodationspaces | (3) | A-60 | A-0 | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30A-0d |
| Stairways | (4) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | * | A-60f | A-30 | A-60 | * | A-60 |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Cargo spaces | (8) | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | A-60 | A-30A-0d | A-30A-0d | A-30A-0d | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Open decks | (10) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | - | A-0 |
| Special category and ro-ro spaces | (11) | A-60 | A-15 | A-30A-0d | A-15 | A-0 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | A-0 | A-0 |
Notes: To be applied to both tables 9.3 and 9.4 as appropriate.
- For clarification as to which applies, see paragraphs 2.2.2 and 2.2.5.
- Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript b appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose, (e.g. in category (9)). A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an "A-0" bulkhead.
- Bulkhead separating the wheelhouse and chartroom from each other may have a "B-0" rating.
- See paragraphs 2.2.4.2.3 and 2.2.4.2.4.
- For the application of paragraph 2.2.1.1.2, "B-0" and "C", where appearing in table 9.3,
shall be read as "A-0".
- Fire insulation need not be fitted if the machinery space in category (7), in the opinion of the Administration, has little or no fire risk.
* Where an asterisk appears in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material, but is not required to be of "A" class standard. However, where a deck, except in a category (10) space, is penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations should be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. Divisions between control stations (emergency generators) and open decks may have air intake openings without means for closure, unless a fixed gas fire-fighting system is fitted. For the application of paragraph 2.2.1.1.2, an asterisk, where appearing in table 9.4, except for categories (8) and (10), shall be read as “A-0”.
2.2.5 Protection of stairways and lifts in accommodation area
2.2.5.1 Stairways shall be within enclosures formed of "A" class divisions, with positive means of closure at all openings, except that:
- a stairway connecting only two decks need not be enclosed, provided the integrity of the deck is maintained by proper bulkheads or self-closing doors in one 'tween-deck space. When a stairway is closed in one 'tween-deck space, the stairway enclosure shall be protected in accordance with the tables for decks in paragraphs 2.2.3 or 2.2.4; and
- stairways may be fitted in the open in a public space, provided they lie wholly within the public space.
2.2.5.2 Lift trunks shall be so fitted as to prevent the passage of smoke and flame from one ‘tween-deck to another and shall be provided with means of closing so as to permit the control of draught and smoke. Machinery for lifts located within stairway enclosures shall be arranged in a separate room, surrounded by steel boundaries, except that small passages for lift cables are permitted. Lifts which open into spaces other than corridors, public spaces, special category spaces, stairways and external areas shall not open into stairways included in the means of escape.
2.3 Cargo ships except tankers
2.3.1 Methods of protection in accommodation area
2.3.1.1 One of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in accommodation and service spaces and control stations:
- Method IC
The construction of internal divisional bulkheads of non-combustible "B" or "C" class divisions generally without the installation of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system in the accommodation and service spaces, except as required by regulation 7.5.5.1; or
- Method IIC
The fitting of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as required by regulation 7.5.5.2 for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads; or
- Method IIIC
The fitting of a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system as required by regulation 7.5.5.3, in spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads, except that in no case must the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by an "A" or "B" class division exceed 50 m2. Consideration may be given by the Administration to increasing this area for public spaces.
2.3.1.2 The requirements for the use of non-combustible materials in the construction and insulation of boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces, control stations, service spaces, etc., and the protection of the above stairway enclosures and corridors will be common to all three methods outlined in paragraph 2.3.1.1.
2.3.2 Bulkheads within accommodation area
2.3.2.1 Bulkheads required to be "B" class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries. However, where a continuous "B" class ceiling or lining is fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining.
2.3.2.2 Method IC
Bulkheads not required by this or other regulations for cargo ships to be "A" or "B" class divisions, shall be of at least "C" class construction.
2.3.2.3 Method IIC
There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required by this or other regulations for cargo ships to be "A" or "B" class divisions except in individual cases where "C" class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 9.5.
2.3.2.4 Method IIIC
There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required for cargo ships to be "A" or "B" class divisions except that the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by a continuous "A" or "B" class division must in no case exceed 50 m2, except in individual cases where "C" class bulkheads are required in accordance with table 9.5. Consideration may be given by the Administration to increasing this area for public spaces.
2.3.3 Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks
2.3.3.1 In addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of cargo ships, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 9.5 and 9.6.
2.3.3.2 The following requirements shall govern application of the tables:
- Tables 9.5 and 9.6 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces;
- For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (11) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed rooms within a space that have less than 30% communicating openings to that space are considered separate spaces. The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller rooms shall be as prescribed in tables 9.5 and 9.6. The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables;
- Control stations
Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
Wheelhouse and chartroom.
Spaces containing the ship’s radio equipment.
Fire control stations.
Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space.
Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment.
- Corridors
corridors and lobbies.
- Accommodation spaces
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.1, excluding corridors.
- Stairways
Interior stairway, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto.
In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
- Service spaces (low risk)
Lockers and store-rooms not having provisions for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas less than 4 m2 and drying rooms and laundries.
- Machinery spaces of category A
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.31.
- Other machinery spaces
Electrical equipment rooms (auto-telephone exchange, air-conditioning duct spaces).
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.30 excluding machinery spaces of category A.
- Cargo spaces
All spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks) and trunkways and hatchways to such spaces.
- Service spaces (high risk)
Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, saunas, paint lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 m2 or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids, and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.
- Open decks
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings.
Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).
- Ro-ro and vehicle spaces
Ro-ro spaces as defined in regulation 3.41.
Vehicle spaces as defined in regulation 3.49.
Table 9.5 – Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces
| Spaces | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0e | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-15 | A-60 | A-15 | A-60 | A-60 | * | A-60 |
| Corridors | (2) | | C | B-0 | B-0A-0c | B-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Accommodationspaces | (3) | | | Ca, b | B-0A-0c | B-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Stairways | (4) | | | | B-0A-0c | B-0A-0c | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | | | | | C | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | | | | | | * | A-0 | A-0g | A-60 | * | A-60f |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | | | | | | | A-0d | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Cargo spaces | (8) | | | | | | | | * | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | | | | | | | | | A-0d | * | A-30 |
| Open decks | (10) | | | | | | | | | | - | A-0 |
| Ro-ro and vehicle spaces | (11) | | | | | | | | | | | *h |
Table 9.6 – Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces
| | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) | (11) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-60 |
| Corridors | (2) | A-0 | * | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Accommodationspaces | (3) | A-60 | A-0 | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Stairways | (4) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-30 |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | * | A-60i | A-30 | A-60 | * | A-60 |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Cargo spaces | (8) | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | * | A-0 |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0d | * | A-30 |
| Open decks | (10) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | - | A-0 |
| Special category and ro-ro spaces | (11) | A-60 | A-30 | A-30 | A-30 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-30 | * | *h |
Note: To be applied to tables 9.5 and 9.6 as appropriate.
- No special requirements are imposed upon bulkheads in methods IIC and IIIC fire protection.
- In case of method IIIC "B" class bulkheads of "B-0" rating shall be provided between spaces or groups of spaces of 50 m2 and over in area.
- For clarification as to which applies, see paragraphs 2.3.2 and 2.3.4.
- Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript d appear, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose (e.g. in category (9)). A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an "A-0" bulkhead.
- Bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio room from each other may have a "B-0" rating.
- An "A-0" rating may be used if no dangerous goods are intended to be carried or if such goods are stowed not less than 3 m horizontally from such a bulkhead.
- For cargo spaces in which dangerous goods are intended to be carried, regulation 19.3.8 applies.
- Bulkheads and decks separating ro-ro spaces shall be capable of being closed reasonably gastight and such divisions shall have "A" class integrity in so far as reasonable and practicable, if in the opinion of the Administration it has little or no fire risk.
- Fire insulation need not be fitted if the machinery in category (7) if, in the opinion of the Administration, it has little or no fire risk.
* Where an asterisk appears in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material but is not required to be of "A" class standard. However, where a deck, except an open deck, is penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations should be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. Divisions between control stations (emergency generators) and open decks may have air intake openings without means for closure, unless a fixed gas fire-fighting system is fitted.
2.3.3.3 Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.
2.3.3.4 External boundaries which are required in regulation 11.2 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles provided that there is no requirement for such boundaries of cargo ships to have "A" class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have "A" class integrity, doors may be constructed of materials which are to the satisfaction of the Administration.
2.3.3.5 Saunas shall comply with paragraph 2.2.3.4.
2.3.4 Protection of stairways and lift trunks in accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations
2.3.4.1 Stairways which penetrate only a single deck shall be protected, at a minimum, at one level by at least "B-0" class divisions and self-closing doors. Lifts which penetrate only a single deck shall be surrounded by "A-0" class divisions with steel doors at both levels. Stairways and lift trunks which penetrate more than a single deck shall be surrounded by at least "A-0" class divisions and be protected by self-closing doors at all levels.
2.3.4.2 On ships having accommodation for 12 persons or less, where stairways penetrate more than a single deck and where there are at least two escape routes direct to the open deck at every accommodation level, the "A-0" requirements of paragraph 2.3.4.1 may be reduced to "B-0".
2.4 Tankers
2.4.1 Application
For tankers, only method IC as defined in paragraph 2.3.1.1 shall be used.
2.4.2 Fire integrity of bulkheads and decks
2.4.2.1 In lieu of paragraph 2.3 and in addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of tankers, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in tables 9.7 and 9.8.
2.4.2.2 The following requirements shall govern application of the tables:
- Tables 9.7 and 9.8 shall apply respectively to the bulkhead and decks separating adjacent spaces;
- For determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (10) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this regulation, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed areas within a space that have less than 30% communicating openings to that space are considered separate areas. The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller spaces shall be as prescribed in tables 9.7 and 9.8. The title of each category is intended to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables;
- Control stations
Spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting.
Wheelhouse and chartroom.
Spaces containing the ship’s radio equipment.
Fire control stations.
Control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space.
Spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment.
- Corridors
Corridors and lobbies.
- Accommodation spaces
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.1, excluding corridors.
- Stairways
Interior stairways, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, andescalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto.
In this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door.
- Service spaces (low risk)
Lockers and store-rooms not having provisions for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas less than 4 m2 and drying rooms and laundries.
- Machinery spaces of category A
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.31.
- Other machinery spaces
Electrical equipment rooms (auto-telephone exchange and airconditioning duct spaces).
Spaces as defined in regulation 3.30 excluding machinery spaces of category A.
- Cargo pump-rooms
Spaces containing cargo pumps and entrances and trunks to such spaces.
- Service spaces (high risk)
Galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, saunas, paint lockers and store-rooms having areas of 4 m2 or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces.
- Open decks
Open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings.
Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses).
2.4.2.3 Continuous "B" class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division.
2.4.2.4 External boundaries which are required in regulation 11.2 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and sidescuttles provided that there is no requirement for such boundarie s of tankers to have "A" class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have "A" class integrity, doors may be constructed of materials which are to the satisfaction of the Administration.
2.4.2.5 Exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses enclosing accommodation and including any overhanging decks which support such accommodation, shall be constructed of steel and insulated to "A-60" standard for the whole of the portions which face the cargo area and on the outward sides for a distance of 3 m from the end boundary facing the cargo area. The distance of 3 m shall be measured horizontally and parallel to the middle line of the ship from the boundary which faces the cargo area at each deck level. In the case of the sides of those superstructures and deckhouses, such insulation shall be carried up to the underside of the deck of the navigation bridge.
2.4.2.6 Skylights to cargo pump-rooms shall be of steel, shall not contain any glass and shall be capable of being closed from outside the pump-room.
2.4.2.7 Construction and arrangement of saunas shall comply with paragraph 2.2.3.4.
Table 9.7 – Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces
| Spaces | | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0c | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-15 | A-60 | A-15 | A-60 | A-60 | * |
Corridors | (2) | | C | B-0 | B-0A-0a | B-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | * |
| Accommodationspaces | (3) | | | C | B-0A-0a | B-0 | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | * |
| Stairways | (4) | | | | B-0A-0a | B-0A-0a | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | * |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | | | | | C | A-60 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | * |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | | | | | | * | A-0 | A-0d | A-60 | * |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | | | | | | | A-0b | A-0 | A-0 | * |
| Cargo pump-rooms | (8) | | | | | | | | * | A-60 | * |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | | | | | | | | | A-0b | * |
| Open decks | (10) | | | | | | | | | | - |
Table 9.8 – Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces
| | (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | (6) | (7) | (8) | (9) | (10) |
| Control stations | (1) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0 | * |
| Corridors | (2) | A-0 | * | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0 | * |
| Accommodationspaces | (3) | A-60 | A-0 | * | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0 | * |
| Stairways | (4) | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0 | * |
| Service spaces (low risk) | (5) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0 | * |
Machinery spaces of category A | (6) | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | A-60 | * | A-60e | A-0 | A-60 | * |
| Other machinery spaces | (7) | A-15 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | * | A-0 | A-0 | * |
| Cargo pumt-rooms | (8) | - | - | - | - | - | A-0d | A-0 | * | - | * |
| Service spaces (high risk) | (9) | A-60 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-0 | A-60 | A-0 | - | A-0b | * |
| Open decks | (10) | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | - |
Notes: To be applied to tables 9.7 and 9.8 as appropriate.
- For clarification as to which applies, see paragraphs 2.3.2 and 2.3.4.
- Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript b appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose (e.g. in category (9)). A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an "A-0" bulkhead.
- Bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio room from each other may have a "B-0" rating.
- Bulkheads and decks between cargo pump-rooms and machinery spaces of category A may be penetrated by cargo pump shaft glands and similar gland penetrations, provided that gas tight seals with efficient lubrication or other means of ensuring the permanence of the gas seal are fitted in way of the bulkheads or deck.
- Fire insulation need not be fitted if the machinery space in category (7) if, in the opinion of the Administration, it has little or no fire risk.
* Where an asterisk appears in the table, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material, but is not required to be of "A" class standard. However, where a deck, except an open deck, is penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations should be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. Divisions between control stations (emergency generators) and open decks may have air intake openings without means for closure, unless a fixed gas fire-fighting system is fitted.
3 Penetration in fire -resisting divisions and prevention of heat transmission
3.1 Where "A" class divisions are penetrated, such penetrations shall be tested in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code, subject to the provisions of paragraph 4.1.1.5. In the case of ventilation ducts, paragraphs 7.1.2 and 7.3.1 apply. However, where a pipe penetration is made of steel or equivalent material having a thickness of 3mm or greater and a length of not less than 900 mm (preferably 450 mm on each side of the division), and no openings, testing is not required. Such penetrations shall be suitably insulated by extension of the insulation at the same level of the division.
3.2 Where "B" class divisions are penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc., or for the fitting of ventilation terminals, lighting fixtures and similar devices, arrangements shall be made to ensure that the fire resistance is not impaired, subject to the provisions of paragraph 7.3.2. Pipes other than steel or copper that penetrate "B" class divisions shall be protected by either:
- a fire tested penetration device, suitable for the fire resistance of the division pierced and the type of pipe used; or
- a steel sleeve, having a thickness of not less than 1.8 mm and a length of not less than 900 mm for pipe diameters of 150 mm or more and not less than 600 mm for pipe diameters of less than 150 mm (preferably equally divided to each side of the division). The pipe shall be connected to the ends of the sleeve by flanges or couplings; or the clearance between the sleeve and the pipe shall not exceed 2.5 mm; or any clearance between pipe and sleeve shall be made tight by means of non-combustible or other suitable material.
3.3 Uninsulated metallic pipes penetrating "A" or "B" class divisions shall be of materials having a melting temperature which exceeds 950ºC for “A-0” and 850ºC for “B-0” class divisions.
3.4 In approving structural fire protection details, the Administration shall have regard to the risk of heat transmission at intersections and terminal points of required thermal barriers. The insulation of a deck or bulkhead shall be carried past the penetration, intersection or terminal point for a distance of at least 450 mm in the case of steel and aluminium structures. If a space is divided with a deck or a bulkhead of "A" class standard having insulation of different values, the insulation with the higher value shall continue on the deck or bulkhead with the insulation of the lesser value for a distance of at least 450 mm.
4 Protection of openings in fire resisting divisions
4.1 Openings in bulkheads and decks in passenger ships
4.1.1 Openings in "A" class divisions
4.1.1.1 Except for hatches between cargo, special category, store, and baggage spaces, and between such spaces and the weather decks, openings shall be provided with permanently attached means of closing which shall be at least as effective for resisting fires as the divisions in which they are fitted.
4.1.1.2 The construction of doors and door frames in "A" class divisions, with the means of securing them when closed, shall provide resistance to fire as well as to the passage of smoke and flame equivalent to that of the bulkheads in which the doors are situated, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. Such doors and door frames shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. Watertight doors need not be insulated.
4.1.1.3 It shall be possible for each door to be opened and closed from each side of the bulkhead by one person only.
4.1.1.4 Fire doors in main vertical zone bulkheads, galley boundaries and stairway enclosures other than power-operated watertight doors and those which are normally locked, shall satisfy the following requirements:
- the doors shall be self-closing and be capable of closing with an angle of inclination of up to 3.5º opposing closure;
- the approximate time of closure for hinged fire doors shall be no more than 40 s and no less than 10 s from the beginning of their movement with the ship in upright position. The approximate uniform rate of closure for sliding doors shall be of no more than 0.2 m/s and no less than 0.1 m/s with the ship in upright position;
- the doors, except those for emergency escape trunks, shall be capable of remote release from the continuously manned central control station, either simultaneously or in groups and shall be capable of release also individually from a position at both sides of the door. Release switches shall have an on-off function to prevent automatic resetting of the system;
- hold-back hooks not subject to central control station release are prohibited;
- a door closed remotely from the central control station shall be capable of being re-opened from both sides of the door by local control. After such local opening, the door shall automatically close again;
- indication must be provided at the fire door indicator panel in the continuously manned central control station whether each door is closed;
- the release mechanism shall be so designed that the door will automatically close in the event of disruption of the control system or central power supply;
- local power accumulators for power-operated doors shall be provided in the immediate vicinity of the doors to enable the doors to be operated after disruption of the control system or central power supply at least ten times (fully opened and closed) using the local controls;
- disruption of the control system or central power supply at one door shall not impair the safe functioning of the other doors;
- remote-released sliding or power-operated doors shall be equipped with an alarm that sounds at least 5 s but no more than 10 s after the door being released from the central control station and before the door begins to move and continues sounding until the door is completely closed;
- a door designed to re-open upon contacting an object in its path shall re-open not more than 1 m from the point of contact;
- double-leaf doors equipped with a latch necessary for their fire integrity shall have a latch that is automatically activated by the operation of the doors when released by the system;
- doors giving direct access to special category spaces which are power-operated and automatically closed need not be equipped with the alarms and remote-release mechanisms required in paragraphs 4.1.1.4.3 and 4.1.1.4.10;
- the components of the local control system shall be accessible for maintenance and adjusting;
- power-operated doors shall be provided with a control system of an approved type which shall be able to operate in case of fire and be in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. This system shall satisfy the following requirements:
.15.1 the control system shall be able to operate the door at the temperature of at least 200°C for at least 60 min, served by the power supply;
.15.2 the power supply for all other doors not subject to fire shall not be impaired; and
.15.3 at temperatures exceeding 200°C the control system shall be automatically isolated from the power supply and shall be capable of keeping the door closed up to at least 945°C.
4.1.1.5 In ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, where a space is protected by an automatic sprinkler fire detection and alarm system complying with the provisions the Fire Safety Systems Code or fitted with a continuous "B" class ceiling, openings in decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones shall be closed reasonably tight and such decks shall meet the "A" class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Administration.
4.1.1.6 The requirements for "A" class integrity of the outer boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles, provided that there is no requirement for such boundaries to have "A" class integrity in paragraph 4.1.3.3. The requirements for "A" class integrity of the outer boundaries of the ship shall not apply to exterior doors, except for those in superstructures and deckhouses facing lifesaving appliances, embarkation and external assembly station areas, external stairs and open decks used for escape routes. Stairway enclosure doors need not meet this requirement.
4.1.1.7 Except for watertight doors, weathertight doors (semi-watertight doors), doors leading to the open deck and doors which need to be reasonably gastight, all "A" class doors located in stairways, public spaces and main vertical zone bulkheads in escape routes shall be equipped with a self-closing hose port of material, construction and fire resistance which is equivalent to the door into which it is fitted, and shall be a 150 mm square clear opening with the door closed and shall be inset into the lower edge of the door, opposite the door hinges or, in the case of sliding doors, nearest the opening.
4.1.1.8 Where it is necessary that a ventilation duct passes through a main vertical zone division, a fail-safe automatic closing fire damper shall be fitted adjacent to the division. The damper shall also be capable of being manually closed from each side of the division. The operating position shall be readily accessible and be marked in red light-reflecting colour. The duct between the division and the damper shall be of steel or other equivalent material and, if necessary, insulated to comply with the requirements of paragraph 3.1. The damper shall be fitted on at least one side of the division with a visible indicator showing whether the damper is in the open position.
4.1.2 Openings in "B" class divisions
4.1.2.1 Doors and door frames in "B" class divisions and means of securing them shall provide a method of closure which shall have resistance to fire equivalent to that of the divisions, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedure Code except that ventilation openings may be permitted in the lower portion of such doors. Where such opening is in or under a door the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. Alternatively, a non-combustible air balance duct routed between the cabin and the corridor, and located below the sanitary unit is permitted where the cross-sectional area of the duct does not exceed 0.05 m2. All ventilation openings shall be fitted with a grill made of non-combustible material. Doors shall be non-combustible.
4.1.2.2 Cabin doors in "B" class divisions shall be of a self-closing type. Hold-back hooks are not permitted.
4.1.2.3 The requirements for "B" class integrity of the outer boundaries of a ship shall not apply to glass partitions, windows and sidescuttles. Similarly, the requirements for "B" class integrity shall not apply to exterior doors in superstructures and deckhouses. For ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, the Administration may permit the use of combustible materials in doors separating cabins from the individual interior sanitary spaces such as showers.
4.1.2.4 In ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, where an automatic sprinkler system complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code is fitted:
- openings in decks not forming steps in main vertical zones nor bounding horizontal zones shall be closed reasonably tight and such decks shall meet the "B" class integrity requirements in so far as is reasonable and practicable in the opinion of the Administration; and
- openings in corridor bulkheads of "B" class materials shall be protected in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2.2.2.
4.1.3 Windows and sidescuttles
4.1.3.1 Windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads within accommodation and service spaces and control stations other than those to which the provisions of paragraph 4.1.1.6 and of paragraph 4.1.2.3 apply, shall be so constructed as to preserve the integrity requirements of the type of bulkheads in which they are fitted, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code.
4.1.3.2 Notwithstanding the requirements of tables 9.1 to 9.4, windows and sidescuttles in bulkheads separating accommodation and service spaces and control stations from weather shall be constructed with frames of steel or other suitable material. The glass shall be retained by a metal glazing bead or angle.
4.1.3.3 Windows facing life-saving appliances, embarkation and assembly stations, external stairs and open decks used for escape routes, and windows situated below liferaft and escape slide embarkation areas shall have fire integrity as required in table 9.1. Where automatic dedicated sprinkler heads are provided for windows, "A-0" windows may be accepted as equivalent. To be considered under this paragraph, the sprinkler heads must either be:
- dedicated heads located above the windows, and installed in addition to the conventional ceiling sprinklers; or
- conventional ceiling sprinkler heads arranged such that the window is protected by an average application rate of at least 5 l/m2 and the additional window area is included in the calculation of the area of coverage.
Windows located in the ship’s side below the lifeboat embarkation area shall have fire integrity at least equal to "A-0" class.
4.2 Doors in fire-resisting divisions in cargo ships
4.2.1 The fire resistance of doors shall be equivalent to that of the division in which they are fitted, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. Doors and door frames in "A" class divisions shall be constructed of steel. Doors in "B" class divisions shall be non-combustible. Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of category A shall be reasonably gastight and self-closing. In ships constructed according to method IC, the Administration may permit the use of combustible materials in doors separating cabins from individual interior sanitary accommodation such as showers.
4.2.2 Doors required to be self-closing shall not be fitted with hold-back hooks. However, hold-back arrangements fitted with remote release devices of the fail-safe type may be utilized.
4.2.3 In corridor bulkheads ventilation openings may be permitted in and under the doors of cabins and public spaces. Ventilation openings are also permitted in "B" class doors leading to lavatories, offices, pantries, lockers and store rooms. Except as permitted below, the openings shall be provided only in the lower half of a door. Where such an opening is in or under a door the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. Alternatively, a non-combustible air balance duct routed between the cabin and the corridor, and located below the sanitary unit is permitted where the cross-sectional area of the duct does not exceed 0.05 m2. Ventilation openings, except those under the door, shall be fitted with a grille made of non-combustible material.
4.2.4 Watertight doors need not be insulated.
5 Protection of openings in machinery spaces boundaries
5.1 Application
5.1.1 The provision of this paragraph shall apply to machinery spaces of category A and, where the Administration considers it desirable, to other machinery spaces.
5.2 Protection of openings in machinery space boundaries
5.2.1 The number of skylights, doors, ventilators, openings in funnels to permit exhaust ventilation and other openings to machinery spaces shall be reduced to a minimum consistent with the needs of ventilation and the proper and safe working of the ship.
5.2.2 Skylights shall be of steel and shall not contain glass panels.
5.2.3 Means of control shall be provided for closing power-operated doors or actuating release mechanisms on doors other than power-operated watertight doors. The control shall be located outside the space concerned, where they will not be cut off in the event of fire in the space it serves.
5.2.4 In passenger ships, the means of control required in paragraph 5.2.3 shall be situated at one control position or grouped in as few positions as possible to the satisfaction of the Administration. Such positions shall have safe access from the open deck.
5.2.5 In passenger ships, doors, other than power-operated watertight doors shall be so arranged that positive closure is assured in case of fire in the space by power-operated closing arrangements or by the provision of self-closing doors capable of closing against an inclination of 3.5° opposing closure, and having a fail-safe hold-back arrangement, provided with a remotely operated release device. Doors for emergency escape trunks need not be fitted with a fail-safe hold-back facility and a remotely operated release device.
5.2.6 Windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries. However, this does not preclude the use of glass in control rooms within the machinery spaces.
6 Protection of cargo space boundaries
6.1 In passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers, the boundary bulkheads and decks of special category and ro-ro spaces shall be insulated to "A-60" class standard. However, where a category (5), (9) and (10) space, as defined in paragraph 2.2.3, is on one side of the division the standard may be reduced to "A-0". Where fuel oil tanks are below a special category space, the integrity of the deck between such spaces may be reduced to "A-0" standard.
6.2 In passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, the boundary bulkheads of special category spaces shall be insulated as required for category (11) spaces in table 9.3 and the horizontal boundaries as required for category (11) spaces in table 9.4.
6.3 In passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers the boundary bulkheads and decks of closed and open ro-ro spaces shall have a fire integrity as required for category (8) spaces in table 9.3 and the horizontal boundaries as required for category (8) spaces in table 9.4.
6.4 In passenger ships, indicators shall be provided on the navigating bridge which shall indicate when any fire door leading to or from the special category spaces is closed.
6.5 In tankers, for the protection of cargo tanks carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C, materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for valves, fittings, tank opening covers, cargo vent piping, and cargo piping so as to prevent the spread of fire to the cargo.
7 Ventilation systems
7.1 Duct and dampers
7.1.1 Ventilation ducts shall be of non-combustible material. However, short ducts, not generally exceeding 2 m in length and with a free cross-sectional area1 not exceeding 0.02 m2, need not be non-combustible subject to the following conditions:
- the ducts are made of a material which has low flame spread characteristics;
- the ducts are only used at the end of the ventilation device; and
- the ducts are not situated less than 600 mm, measured along the duct, from an opening in an "A" or "B" class division including continuous "B" class ceiling.
7.1.2 The following arrangements shall be tested in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code:
- fire dampers, including their relevant means of operation; and
- duct penetrations through "A" class divisions. However, the test is not required where steel sleeves are directly joined to ventilation ducts by means of riveted or screwed flanges or by welding.
7.2 Arrangement of ducts
7.2.1 The ventilation systems for machinery spaces of category A, vehicle spaces, ro-ro spaces, galleys, special category spaces and cargo spaces shall, in general, be separated from each other and from the ventilation systems serving other spaces. Except that the galley ventilation systems on cargo ships of less than 4,000 gross tonnage and in passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passengers, need not be completely separated, but may be served by separate ducts from a ventilation unit serving other spaces. In any case, an automatic fire damper shall be fitted in the galley ventilation duct near the ventilation unit. Ducts provided for the ventilation of machinery spaces of category A, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro-ro spaces or special category spaces shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless they comply with the conditions specified in paragraphs 7.2.1.1.1 to 7.2.1.1.4 or 7.2.1.2.1 and 7.2.1.2.2 below:
.1.1 the ducts are constructed of steel having a thickness of at least 3 mm and 5 mm for ducts the widths or diameters of which are up to and including 300 mm and 760 mm and over respectively and, in the case of such ducts, the widths or diameters of which are between 300 mm and 760 mm having a thickness obtained by interpolation;
.1.2 the ducts are suitably supported and stiffened;
.1.3 the ducts are fitted with automatic fire dampers close to the boundaries penetrated; and
.1.4 the ducts are insulated to "A-60" class standard from the machinery spaces, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro-ro spaces or special category spaces to a point at least 5 m beyond each fire damper;
or
.2.1 the ducts are constructed of steel in accordance with paragraphs 7.2.1.1.1 and 7.2.1.1.2; and
.2.2 the ducts are insulated to "A-60" class standard throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations; except that penetrations of main zone divisions shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph 4.1.1.8.
7.2.2 Ducts provided for ventilation to accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of category A, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro-ro spaces or special category spaces unless they comply with the conditions specified in paragraphs 7.2.2.1.1 to 7.2.2.1.3 or 7.2.2.2.1 and 7.2.2.2.2 below:
.1.1 the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of category A, galley, vehicle space, ro-ro space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with paragraphs 7.2.1.1.1 and 7.2.1.1.2;
.1.2 automatic fire dampers are fitted close to the boundaries penetrated; and
.1.3 the integrity of the machinery space, galley, vehicle space, ro-ro space or special category space boundaries is maintained at the penetrations;
or
.2.1 the ducts where they pass through a machinery space of category A, galley, vehicle space, ro-ro space or special category space are constructed of steel in accordance with paragraphs 7.2.1.1.1 and 7.2.1.1.2; and
.2.2 the ducts are insulated to "A-60" standard within the machinery space, galley, vehicle space, ro-ro space or special category space;
except that penetrations of main zone divisions shall also comply with the requirements of paragraph 4.1.1.8.
7.3 Details of duct penetrations
7.3.1 Where a thin plated duct with a free cross-sectional area equal to, or less than, 0.02 m2 passes through "A" class bulkheads or decks, the opening shall be lined with a steel sheet sleeve having a thickness of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 200 mm, divided preferably into 100 mm on each side of the bulkhead or, in the case of the deck, wholly laid on the lower side of the decks pierced. Where ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 pass through "A" class bulkheads or decks, the opening shall be lined with a steel sheet sleeve. However, where such ducts are of steel construction and pass through a deck or bulkhead, the ducts and sleeves shall comply with the following:
The sleeves shall have a thickness of at least 3 mm and a length of at least 900 mm. When passing through bulkheads, this length shall be divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkhead. These ducts, or sleeves lining such ducts, shall be provided with fire insulation. The insulation shall have at least the same fire integrity as the bulkhead or deck through which the duct passes; and
Ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.075 m2 shall be fitted with fire dampers in addition to the requirements of paragraph 7.3.1.1. The fire damper shall operate automatically, but shall also be capable of being closed manually from both sides of the bulkhead or deck. The damper shall be provided with an indicator which shows whether the damper is open or closed. Fire dampers are not required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by "A" class divisions, without serving those spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity as the divisions which they pierce. Fire dampers shall be easily accessible. Where they are placed behind ceilings or linings, these ceilings or linings shall be provided with an inspection door on which a plate reporting the identification number of the fire damper is provided. The fire damper identification number shall also be placed on any remote controls required.
7.3.2 Ventilation ducts with a free cross-sectional area exceeding 0.02 m2 passing through
"B" class bulkheads shall be lined with steel sheet sleeves of 900 mm in length divided preferably into 450 mm on each side of the bulkheads unless the duct is of steel for this length.\
7.4 Ventilation systems for passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers
7.4.1 The ventilation system of a passenger ship carrying more than 36 passengers shall be in compliance with the following additional requirements.
7.4.2 In general, the ventilation fans shall be so disposed that the ducts reaching the various spaces remain within the main vertical zone.
7.4.3 Where ventilation systems penetrate decks, precautions shall be taken, in addition to those relating to the fire integrity of the deck required by paragraphs 3.1 and 4.1.1.5, to reduce the likelihood of smoke and hot gases passing from one 'tween-deck space to another through the system. In addition to insulation requirements contained in paragraph 7.4, vertical ducts shall, if necessary, be insulated as required by the appropriate tables 9.1 and 9.2.
7.4.4 Except in cargo spaces, ventilation ducts shall be constructed of the following materials:
- ducts not less than 0.075 m2 in free cross-sectional area and all vertical ducts serving more than a single 'tween-deck space shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material;
- ducts less than 0.075 m2 in free cross-sectional area other than the vertical ducts referred to in paragraph 7.4.4.1, shall be constructed of non-combustible materials. Where such ducts penetrate "A" or "B" class division due regard shall be given to ensuring the fire integrity of the division; and
- short length of duct, not in general exceeding 0.02 m2 in free cross-sectional area nor 2 m in length, need not be non-combustible provided that all of the following conditions are met:
.3.1 the duct is constructed of a material which has low flame spread characteristics;
.3.2 the duct is used only at the terminal end of the ventilation system; and
.3.3 the duct is not located closer than 600mm measured along its length to a penetration of an "A" or "B" class division, including continuous "B" class ceilings.
7.4.5 Stairway enclosures shall be ventilated and served by an independent fan and duct system which shall not serve any other spaces in the ventilation systems.
7.4.6 Exhaust ducts shall be provided with hatches for inspection and cleaning. The hatches shall be located near the fire dampers.
7.5 Exhaust ducts from galley ranges
7.5.1 Requirements for passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers Exhaust ducts from galley ranges shall meet the requirements of paragraphs 7.2.1.2.1 and 7.2.1.2.2 and shall be fitted with:
- a grease trap readily removable for cleaning unless an alternative approved grease removal system is fitted;
- a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct which is automatically and remotely operated, and in addition a remotely operated fire damper located in the upper end of the duct;
- a fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct;
- remote-control arrangements for shutting off the exhaust fans and supply fans, for operating the fire dampers mentioned in paragraph 7.5.1.2 and for operating the fire-extinguishing system, which shall be placed in a position close to the entrance to the galley. Where a multi-branch system is installed, a remote means located with the above controls shall be provided to close all branches exhausting through the same main duct before an extinguishing medium is released into the system; and
- suitably located hatches for inspection and cleaning.
7.5.2 Requirements for cargo ships and passenger ships carrying not more than 36 passenger ships
7.5.2.1 Where they pass through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, the exhaust ducts from galley ranges shall be constructed of "A" class divisions. Each exhaust duct shall be fitted with:
- a grease trap readily removable for cleaning;
- a fire damper located in the lower end of the duct;
- arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutting off the exhaust fans; and
- fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct.
1The term "free cross-sectional area" means, even in the case of a pre-insulated duct, the area calculated on the basis of the inner diameter of the duct.